Total dissolved and suspended organic and inorganic residue remaining after evaporation, expressed in milligrams per liter.
Total solids include dissolved as well as suspended materials.
Nonsettleable and settleable materials are both included in suspended solids.
Dissolved Solids
Solids that can be filtered using a standard glass fiber filter.
The weight difference between total solids and suspended solids is referred to as dissolved solids weight.
The suspended solids settle on the filter pad when a sample is filtered through a fine mesh filter (for example, a 0.45 micron membrane filter), while the dissolved solids remain in the water passing through the filter.
To calculate the weight of dissolved solids, take a sample of the water that has passed through the filter. To determine the weight of dissolved solids, evaporate the sample and weigh the residue.
Suspended Solids
Suspended solids are the solids captured on the filter pad, or the difference between the sample's total and dissolved solids content.
Solids that settle or float in a clarifier, as well as lighter nonsettleable (colloidal) solids.
The size, shape, and weight of suspended solids determine their classification.
Settleable Solids
Settleable Solids are a subset of the Suspended Solids.
Larger particles settle more quickly.
Before designing settling basins, sludge pumps, and sludge handling facilities, settleable solids are estimated.
Measuring settleable solids allows the basin efficiency of solids removal to be calculated.
The Imhoff cone measures solids in milliliters per liter.
Nonsettleable (Colloidal) Solids
Nonsettleable Solids are a type of suspended solids.
After the settleable solids have precipitated out, the colloidal solids will remain in suspension. The addition of a chemical flocculating agent or filtration is usually required to remove colloidal solids.
Subtract the weight of settleable solids from the weight of suspended solids to arrive at this figure.
Floatable Solids
Floatable solids are nonsettleable solids that float to the surface of a tank or stream.
There is no accepted method of measuring and evaluating floatable solids.
Scum is typically composed of fat or grease particles. Surface skimming equipment on the primary or secondary clarifiers is most effective at removing scum.
They are unappealing and unsightly, and they can emit odors.
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